Introduction to Emergency Management

Cover

Table of Contents

Foreword

Introduction

Acknowledgments

1. The Historical Context of Emergency Management

Introduction

Early History: 1800–1950

The Cold War and the Rise of Civil Defense: 1950s

Natural Disasters Bring Changes to Emergency Management: 1960s

The Call for a National Focus on Emergency Management: 1970s

Civil Defense Reappears as Nuclear Attack Planning: 1980s

An Agency in Trouble: 1989–1992

The Witt Revolution: 1993–2001

Terrorism Becomes Major Focus: 2001

The Future: 2005 and Beyond

2. Natural and Technological Hazards and Risk Assessment

Introduction

Natural Hazards

Technological Hazards

Risk Assessment

Technology

Conclusion

3. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Mitigation

Introduction

Tools for Mitigation

Impediments to Mitigation

Federal Mitigation Programs

Conclusion

Case Studies

4. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Response

Introduction

Local Response

State Response

Volunteer Group Response

Incident Command System

The Federal Response

Communications among Responding Agencies

Conclusion

Case Studies

5. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Recovery

Introduction

The National Response Plan for Disaster Recovery Operations

FEMA’s Individual Assistance Recovery Programs

FEMA’s Public Assistance Grant Programs

Other Federal Agency Disaster Recovery Funding

National Voluntary Relief Organizations

Recovery Planning Tools

Conclusion

Case Studies

6. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Preparedness

Introduction

Preparedness: The Building Block

Mitigation versus Preparedness

A Systems Approach: The Preparedness Cycle

Preparedness Programs

Education and Training Programs

Exercises

Business Continuity Planning and Emergency Management

Conclusion

Case Studies

7. The Disciplines of Emergency Management: Communications

Introduction

Mission

Assumptions

Audiences/Customers

Crisis Communications: Response and Recovery

Communicating Preparedness and Mitigation Messages

Case Study: Project Impact

Case Study: Risk Communication„Parkfield, California

Working with the Media

Communications Means/Products

Case Study: Federal Government Communications during Anthrax Crisis

Conclusion

8. International Disaster Management

Introduction

Disasters in Developing Nations

International Involvement

Important Issues Influencing the Response Process

The United Nations System

Nongovernmental Organizations

Assistance Provided by the U.S. Government

The International Financial Institutions

Conclusion

Case Study: The Gujurat, India Earthquake

9. Emergency Management and the New Terrorist Threat

Introduction

Changes in Emergency Management and the War on Terrorism

Summary of September 11 Events

First Responder Evaluation

Federal Government Terrorism Activity

State Government Terrorism Activity

Local Government Terrorism Activities

Conclusion

Case Study: Redefining Readiness: Terrorism Planning through the Eyes of the PublicŽ

10. The Future of Emergency Management

Introduction

Organizational Changes

What Does This Mean for Emergency Management?

What Is the Future of Emergency Management?

Balancing Homeland and Security and Natural Disaster Management

Public Involvement in Preparedness Planning

Partnering with the Business Community

Prioritizing Resource Allocations

Organization of the Nation’s Emergency Management System

A New Path for Emergency Management

Conclusion

Appendix A: Acronyms

Appendix B: Emergency Management Web Sites

Appendix C: Emergency Management Agency Addresses

Appendix D: Ready.gov Citizen Preparedness Recommendations

Appendix E: A Day in the Life of Homeland Security

References

About the Authors

Index