Contemporary Computing - Second International Conference, IC3 2010, Noida, India, August 9-11, 2010. Proceedings, Part I

Preface

Organization

Table of Contents

Technical Session-1: Algorithm-1 (A-1)

A PDE-Based Nonlinear Filter Adapted to Rayleigh’s Speckle Noise for De-speckling 2D Ultrasound Images

Introduction

Methods and Models

The Proposed Nonlinear PDE Based Model

Adaptive Estimation of the Edge Threshold Parameter k

Discretization of the Proposed Model for Digital Implementations

Results and Performance Analysis

Results and Discussions

Conclusion

References

Face Recognition Using Kernel Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis and RBF Neural Network

Introduction

Proposed Method

Dimension Reduction Using PCA

Kernel Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (KFLDA)

RBF Neural Networks

Experimental Results

Randomly Partitioning the Database

Conclusion

References

Parallel Enumeration Sort on OTIS-Hypercube

Introduction

Topology of OTIS-Hypercube

Proposed Algorithms

Algorithm: Sort1

Algorithm 2: Sort2

Conclusion

References

A Robust Trust Mechanism Algorithm for Secure Power Aware AODV Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Introduction

Related Work

Routing Attack Models

Energy Consumption Model

Proposed Methodology

Simulation Setup and Implementation Details

Results and Analysis

Conclusion and Future Work

References

A Heuristic Algorithm for Constrained Redundancy Optimization in Complex Systems

Introduction

Notations and Assumptions

Problem Formulation

Definitions and Steps of Algorithm

Computational Experiments and Results

References

Technical Session-2: Algorithm-2 (A-2)

A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm Based Test Case Generation Using Sequence Diagrams

Introduction

Related Work

Motivation: Sequence Diagram and Genetic Algorithm

Sequence Diagram Driven Testing

Genetic Algorithm Driven Testing

Proposed Architecture

Functional Block Diagram of the Proposed Architecture

Chromosome Encoding

Objective Function

Experimental Results

Conclusion

References

LACAIS: Learning Automata Based Cooperative Artificial Immune System for Function Optimization

Introduction

Artificial Immune System

Learning Automata

Proposed Method

Experimental Results

Conclusion

References

Image Reconstruction from Projection under Periodicity Constraints Using Genetic Algorithm

Introduction

Notation and Statement of the Problems

Genetic Image Reconstruction

Selection Criteria

Guided Crossover

Mutation

Guided Mutation

Cloning

Experimental Study and Result

Conclusions

References

A Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Audio Signals Using SVD

Introduction

Singular Value Decomposition

Selection of Watermark Embedding Regions and Degree of Embedding

Watermark Embedding and Detection

Watermark Embeddding

Watermark Detection

Performance Analysis

Experimental Results

Conclusion

References

Differential Evolution Using Interpolated Local Search

Introduction

Differential Evolution

Interpolated Local Search (ILS)

The Proposed DEILS Algorithm

Experimental Setup and Benchmark Problems

Comparison between DEILS and DE

Comparison between DEILS and Other State of the Art Algorithms

Discussions and Conclusions

References

Technical Session-3: Algorithm-3 (A-3)

A New SVD Based Watermarking Framework in Fractional Fourier Domain

Introduction

Mathematical Preliminaries

Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT)

Singular Value Decomposition

Proposed Watermarking Algorithm

Embedding Process

Extraction Process

Experimental Results

Conclusions

References

Mining Frequent and Associated Gene Expression Patterns from Spatial Gene Expression Data: A Proposed Approach

Introduction

Related Work

Approach

Approach Decomposition

Approach Decomposition

Phase 2: Frequent Itemset Generation

Phase 3: Association Rules Generation

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

Minimization of Lennard-Jones Potential Using Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Introduction

Lennard-Jones Problem

Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) Used for Solution

Basic PSO

Literature on Parallel PSO

Parallel PSO Used

Experiments and Discussions

Experimental Setup

Selection of Parameters

Parallel Peformance Measures

Computational Results

Conclusions

References

An Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for the 0–1 Multidimensional Knapsack Problem

Introduction

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

ABC Algorithm for MKP_01

Initialization

Probability of Selecting a Food Source

Determination of a New Food Source in the Neighborhood of a Food Source

Other Features

Computational Results

Parameter Settings

Comparison with Other Swarm-Based Approaches

Conclusions

References

Automatic Summary Generation from Single Document Using Information Gain

Introduction

Previous Approaches

Methodology of the System

Preprocessing

Term Weighting

Sentence Scoring

Summary Generation

Experimental Results

Conclusion and Future Scope

References

Technical Session-4: Algorithm-4 (A-4)

An Alternate Approach to Compute the Reliability of a Computer Communication Network Using Binary Decision Diagrams

Introduction

Binary Decision Diagrams

Network Reliability

Generation of BDD

Conclusions

References

A Multi-Level Blocks Scrambling Based Chaotic Image Cipher

Introduction

Chaotic Maps

Two-Dimensional Coupled Logistic Map

2D Cat Transform

One-Dimensional Logistic Map

Proposed Image Encryption Algorithm

Experimental Results

Key Space of Cipher

Sensitivity to Keys

Computational Analysis

Correlation Coefficient Analysis

Information Entropy Analysis

Conclusion

References

Maxillofacial Surgery Using X-Ray Based Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching

Introduction

The System

Face Matching

Feature Detection

Replacement

Blending

Shifting

Conclusion

Future Scope

References

A Phenomic Approach to Genetic Algorithms for Reconstruction of Gene Networks

Introduction

Related Work

Genetic Algorithms

Application of GAs to Reconstruction Problems

Reconstruction of Gene Networks

The Integrated Pheneto-Genetic Algorithm

The Basic Phenomic Algorithm

The Multiobjective Phenomic Algorithm

The Integrated Algorithm, IPGA

Results and Validation

Conclusion

References

An Algorithm to Determine Minimum Velocity-Based Stable Connected Dominating Sets for Ad Hoc Networks

Introduction

Related Work

Algorithms to Determine MinV-CDS and MaxD-CDS

Data Structures

Algorithm to Determine the Minimum Velocity-Based Connected Dominating Set (MinV-CDS)

Algorithm to Determine the Maximum Density-Based Connected Dominating Set (MaxD-CDS)

Time Complexity of MinV-CDS and MaxD-CDS

Algorithm to Check the Existence of a CDS at Any Time Instant

Simulation Conditions and Results

Conclusions and Future Work

References

Technical Session-5: Algorithm-5 (A-5)

An Efficient Intrusion Detection System Using Clustering Combined with Fuzzy Logic

Introduction

Related Work

Dataset Used for Experiments

The Proposed Approach for Intrusion Detection

Data Preprocessing

Clustering by Self-Organizing Map (SOM)

Automatic Fuzzy Rule-BASE Generation for Every Cluster

Normality Factor for Every Neuron

Experimental Results and Observations

Conclusions and Future Work

References

Assessing the Performance of Bi-objective MST for Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Instances

Introduction

Basic Definitions and Problem Formulation

Adaptation of Deterministic Heuristics

One Time Tree Construction

Iterative Refinement

Randomized Greedy Heuristics or Randomized Tree Construction

Center Based Recursive Clustering

Experiments

Problem Instances

Results and Discussion

Conclusions and Future Work

References

PSO - SVM Based Classifiers: A Comparative Approach

Introduction

Methodology

Binary PSO

Novel PSO

SVM

Proposed Hybrid Model

Implementation and Results

Dataset

Experiments

Results and Discussions

Conclusion

References

Efficient Job Division for Grids Running SIMD Algorithms

Introduction

The Problem and Its Solutions

Formal Statement

Description of a Problem Instance

The Optimal Allotment

Fixed Packet Allocation

Grain Redistribution Algorithm

Dynamic Grain Size Algorithm

An Implementation

The Test Algorithm

Results

Conclusions

References

A Novel Algorithm for Achieving a Light-Weight Tracking System

Introduction

Traditional vs. Proposed Algorithms

Traditional Algorithm Used for General Tracking Systems

Proposed Algorithm for Object Tracking

Preprocessing Stage (Phase I)

Frame Partitioning

Block Wise Similarity Detection (Scope for Parallelization)

Block Retrieval

Iterative Tracking (Phase II)

Adaptive Block Background Modeling

Block Cluster Flow Segmentation

Tracking

Results

Conclusion

References

Technical Session-6: Application-1 (P-1)

Computer Simulation Studies of Drug-DNA Interactions: Neothramycin B

Introduction

Method of Calculation

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

Effect of Speech Coding on Recognition of Consonant-Vowel (CV) Units

Introduction

CV Recognition

Experimental Setup Used for CV Recognition

Results and Discussion

Summary and Conclusions

References

Cloudbank: A Secure Anonymous Banking Cloud

Introduction

E-Cash

Definitions

Public Key Cryptography

Threats and Adversaries in Internet Payment System

Security Requirements

Bank Requirements

Merchant Requirements

Customer Requirements

Payment Processing

Obtain Electronic Cash from the CloudBank

Buying Item

Conclusion

References

Alignment Model and Training Technique in SMT from English to Malayalam

Introduction

Motivation

Training the Parallel Corpus

Alignments and Alignment Vectors

Finding Translation Probability

Integrating Morphological Information into Parallel Corpus

Tagging the Corpus

Observations and Results Achieved by Tagging the Parallel Corpus

Conclusion

References

Emotion Classification Based on Speaking Rate

Introduction

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur - Simulated Emotion Speech Corpus (IITKGP:SESC)

Motivation

Classification of Emotions on Speaking Rate

Summary and Conclusions

References

Technical Session-7: Application-2 (P-2)

Vulnerability Metric for the Design Phase of Object Oriented Software

Introduction

Development of Vulnerability Metric

Terminology Used

Measuring Coupling Induced Vulnerability Propagation of an OOD

Interpretation and Discussion

An Application of CIVPF

Relevant Work

Advantages and Limitations

Conclusion

References

A Framework for Synthesis of Human Gait Oscillation Using Intelligent Gait Oscillation Detector (IGOD)

Introduction

Primary Intention and Requirement of IGOD

Implication of IGOD Technology

Medical Implication

Robotic Implication

Human Computer Interaction Implication

Stages of Development of IGOD

Sensor and Interface Kit Specification

Analysis of Full Human Gait Oscillation

Conclusion and Future Work

References

Detection of Significant Opinionated Sentence for Mining Web Users' Opinion

Introduction

Related Work

Methodology

Experiments and Results

Conclusion

References

Hyperspectral Data Compression Model Using SPCA (Segmented Principal Component Analysis) and Classification of Rice Crop Varieties

Introduction

Study Area

Data Used

ROI-End Member Selection

Material and Methodology

Image Pre-processing

Traditional PCAVNIR-SWIR and SAM Classification

Segmented Principal Component Analysis (SPCA)

Result and Analysis

Conclusion

References

Impulse Noise Removal from Color Images Using Adaptive Neuro–fuzzy Impulse Detector

Introduction

Proposed Algorithm

Structure

Training

Image Filtering

Implementation and Simulation

Conclusion

References

Technical Session-8: Application-3 (P-3)

Measuring of Time-Frequency Representation (TFR) Content – Using the Kapur’s Entropies

Introduction

The Kapur’s Entropies

Shannon’s Measure of Entropy of Kapur’s Generalized Probability Distributions

Kapur’s Entropy of Time-Frequency Representation

Conclusion

References

An Ontology Based Framework for Domain Analysis of Interactive System

Introduction

Related Works

Ontology

Conceptualization

Formal Ontology

Ontology Components

Ontology for Requirement Specification

Concept Types

Concept Space

Formalization of Concept Space

Conclusion

References

Entropy Based Clustering to Determine Discriminatory Genes for Microarray Dataset

Introduction

Gene Selection Using Clustering Based on Entropy

Experimental SetUp and Results

Conclusion

References

A Framework for Incremental Domain-Specific Hidden Web Crawler

Introduction

Related Work

Proposed Work

Domain Specific Hidden Web Crawler (DSHWC)

URL Extractor

AllURLs

Revisit Frequency Calculator

The Update Module

Dispatcher

Implementation/Performance Evaluation

Conclusion

References

Impact of K-Means on the Performance of Classifiers for Labeled Data

Introduction

Proposed Methodology

Datasets

Data Preprocessing

Clustering

Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Naive Bayes

Results

Performance Measures

Conclusions

References

Technical Session-9: Application-4 (P-4)

Digital Watermarking Based Stereo Image Coding

Introduction

Preliminaries

Disparity Estimation

Disparity Enhancement

Discrete Cosine Transformation

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)

Proposed Watermarking Scheme

Watermark Embedding Algorithm

Watermark Extraction Algorithm

Experimental Results and Discussion

Experimental Setup

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

Content Based Multimodal Retrieval for Databases of Indian Monuments

Introduction

Proposed Approach

Data Collection

Filtering Retrieved Images

Text and Image Retrieval

Results

Crawling

Image Retrieval

Comparison with Text Search

Mean Average Precision for Different K Means Model

Future Work

References

Evolutionary Based Automated Coverage Analysis for GUI Testing

Introduction

Related Work

Problem Modeling

Proposed Method

Test Data Generation

Optimization of Test Paths Using MOPSO

Results and Discussion

Conclusion and Future Work

References

Multifaceted Classification of Websites for Goal Oriented Requirement Engineering

Introduction

Website Taxonomy

Content

Service

Technology

Goals and Web Applications

Conclusion and Future Work

References

Technical Session-10: Application-5 (P-5)

A Simplified and Corroborative Approach towards Formalization of Requirements

Introduction

Formalization Pragmatics

Techniques to aid Formalization of Requirements [12]

Techniques to achieve Formalization of Requirements [9] [10]

Approaches of Automating Formalization of Requirements [7] [11] [13]

STATEST 1.0.0 – An Automated Tool for Formalization of Requirements Specification

Nitty-Gritty of the Tool

Analysis of STATEST 1.0.0

Glimpse of Screen Snapshot of STATEST 1.0.0

Implementation Details with an Example

Conclusion and Future Work

References

Robust Multiple Watermarking Using Entropy Based Spread Spectrum

Introduction

Scalar Quantization Based Watermarking Techniques

ET (Entropy Based) Scheme

SEC (Selectively Embedding in Coefficients) Scheme

Terminology

Quantization

PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)

Proposed Algorithm

Watermark Embedding Method

Watermark Extraction

Experimental Results

Conclusion

References

Application of Adaptive Learning in Generalized Neuron Model for Short Term Load Forecasting under Error Gradient Functions

Introduction

Short term Load Forecasting with Different Techniques

Major Reasons for Development of Short Term Load Forecasting

Generalized Neuron Model

Data for Short Term Load Forecasting

Error Gradient Functions

Results of Short Term Load Forecasting with Generalized Neuron Model

Application of Adaptive Learning and Momentum Factor Using Generalized Neuron Model for Short Term Load Forecasting

Conclusion

References

Intelligent Schemes for Indexing Digital Movies

Introduction

Related Work

Proposed Methodology

Visual Features Extraction

Shot Segmentation

Average Shot Length Computation

Motion Computation

Color Dominance

Lighting Key

Audio Features Extraction

Volume Based Features

Pitch Based Features

Frequency Based Features

Sub-band Energies

Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCC)

Designing of Movie Genres Classifier

Experimental Results

Conclusions

References

Fuzzy Reasoning Boolean Petri Nets Based Method for Modeling and Analysing Genetic Regulatory Networks

Introduction

Boolean Network

Fuzzy Petri Nets

Fundamental Properties of Aggregation Operations

Formal Definition of Fuzzy Petri Nets

Defining the Membership Functions for Active and Inactive State

The Proposed FRBPN Modeling Approach

The Reasoning Algorithm

Experimental Studies

Conclusion

References

Technical Session-11: Application-6 (P-6)

Mining the Blogosphere for Sociological Inferences

Introduction

Searching the Blogosphere

Analyzing the Collected Blog Data

Experimental Work

Collecting and Grouping the Event-Based Data

Generating Tag Cloud

Analyzing the Data along Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions

Analysis Results

Inferences

Discussion

References

Modeling for Evaluation of Significant Features in siRNA Design

Introduction

Methodology

Dataset

ACO

Linear Regression

ANCOVA

LibSVM-2.89

LibLinear-1.33

Implementation and Results

Conclusion

References

A Fast Progressive Image Transmission Algorithm Using Linear Bivariate Splines

Introduction

Progressive Significant Sample Point Selection

Initialization

Edge Detection

Filtering

First Phase Transmission

Second Phase Transmission

Overview of Delaunay Triangulation

Third Phase Transmission

Image Reconstruction Using Linear Bivariate Splines

Reconstruction Algorithm

Algorithm Complexity

Significance Measures for Reconstructed Image

Results and Discussions

Conclusions

References

Building Optimization

Introduction

Building Design Optimization Problem

Building Design Optimization Using Improved Move Limit Method Sequential Linear Programming

Problem Formulation

Objective Function

Constraints

Improved Move Limit Method of Sequential Linear Programming

Example

Program

Results

Conclusion

References

Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization Based Tuning of Optimal PI Speed Controller for PMSM Drive

Introduction

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Structure of PMSM

Mathematical Model of PMSM

Problem Formulation

PI Speed Controller

Application of BFO and ABFO to Optimize PI Parameters

Bacterial Foraging Optimization

Adaptive Bacterial Foraging Optimization

Simulations and Results

Experimental Settings

Step Responses of PMSM Drive with Different Controllers

Step Responses of PMSM Drive with Different Controllers before Load

Step Responses of PMSM Drive with Different Controllers after Load

Conclusions

References

Missing Value Imputation Based on K-Mean Clustering with Weighted Distance

Introduction

Related Work

Clustering Method Imputation with Weighted Distance (CMIWD)

Experiment Analysis

Data Set

Implementation

Mean Imputation vs. Clustering Based Imputation (CMI)

k-Mean Imputation vs. Clustering with Weighted Distance

Evaluation Based on Percentage of Missing Data

Conclusion

References

Author Index