Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXI

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT)

ISOTT2008

Oxygen Transport to Tissue XXXI

Preface

Contents

Contributors

Part 1: Physiology and Pathophysiology of O2 Transport

Unfinished Physiology

1 Introduction

References

Cell Respiration Under Hypoxia: Facts and Artefacts in Mitochondrial Oxygen Kinetics

1 Introduction

2 Mitochondrial and Cellular Oxygen Kinetics

2.1 Isolated Mitochondria

2.2 Intact Cells

3 Oxygen Kinetics and High-Resolution Respirometry

3.1 Nanomolar Resolution of Oxygen Concentration

3.2 High-Resolution Oxygen Kinetics: Effects of Cell Density and Cell Activity

4 Discussion

4.1 Comparative Mitochondrial Physiology and p50 of Mitochondrial Respiration

4.2 Methodological Limitations of Closed Systems

4.3 Variation of p50 in Open Systems

4.4 Variation of p50 In Vivo

5 Conclusions

References

Alveolar Hypoxia-Induced Systemic Inflammation: What Low PO2 Does and Does Not Do

1 Introduction

2 Dissociation Between Cremaster Microvascular PO2 Values and Cremaster Inflammation

3 Plasma from Hypoxic Rats Produces Inflammation in Normoxic Cremaster

4 Alveolar Macrophages Are Necessary for the Inflammation of Alveolar Hypoxia

5 Activation of Mast Cells by the AMÄ-Generated Intermediary Stimulates the Local Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)

References

The Influence of Oxygen Supply, Hemorheology and Microcirculation in the Heart and Vascular Systems

1 Microcirculation Anatomy

2 Endothelial Physiology

3 Hemorheology and the Microcirculation

4 Vessels and Oxidative Stress

5 Microcirculation and the Heart

6 Microcirculation and Pathology

References

Could Dilated Cardiomyopathy Alter the Peripheral Microcirculation and Blood Rheology?

1 Introduction

2 Material and Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

The Role of Glyoxalase System in Renal Hypoxia

1 Hypoxia in the Kidney

2 Role of Methylglyoxal (MG), a Precursor of Protein Glycation, in Hypoxic Injury

3 Glyoxalase System for Detoxification of MG and its Pathophysiology

4 Renoprotective Effect of Glyoxalase I in Hypoxic Injury

5 Conclusion

References

Intracortical Microcirculatory Change Induced by Anesthesia in Rat Somatosensory Cortex

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Macrophages That Survive Hyperoxia Exposure Have Higher Superoxide Dismutase Activities in Their Mitochondria

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Macrophages Culture

2.2 Cell Counting and SOD Activity Assay

2.3 Isolation and Amplification of DNA

2.4 Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA

2.5 PCR-RFLP Assay

2.6 Statistical Analysis

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Diet-Induced Ketosis Improves Cognitive Performance in Aged Rats

1 Introduction

2 Methods and Materials

2.1 Animal Preparation and Hypoxic Exposure

2.2 Behavioral Tests

2.3 Immunoreactivity of HIF-1alpha and GlUT-1

2.4 Statistical Analysis

3 Results

3.1 Physiological Variables

3.2 Behavioral Performance

3.3 Detection of HIF-1alpha Protein in Brain Cortex

3.4 Capillary Density: GLUT-1 Immunoreactivity

4 Discussion

References

Fenofibrate, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor alpha Agonist, Improves Hepatic Microcirculatory Patency and Oxygen Availability in a High-Fat-Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Mice

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Renal Vasoconstriction in Rats Causes a Decrease in Capillary Density and an Increase in Alkaline Phosphatase Expression in Cardiac Capillary Nets

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

The Effects of Cilostazol on Tissue Oxygenation upon an Ischemic-reperfusion Injury in the Mouse Cerebrum

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Animal Preparation

2.2 Measurement of Plasma Leakage

2.3 Evaluation of Capillary Patency

2.4 Evaluation of Hypoxia and Vessel Perfusion

2.5 Image Analysis

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Effect of Transient Forebrain Ischemia on Flavoprotein Autofluorescence and the Somatosensory Evoked Potential in the Rat

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Experimental Protocol

2.2 Measurements of Flavoprotein Fluorescence

2.3 Measurements of SEP

2.4 Data Analysis

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Assessing a Shift of Glucose Biotransformation by LC-MS/MS-based Metabolome Analysis in Carbon Monoxide-Exposed Cells

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Materials and Extraction of Metabolites

2.2 LC-MS/MS

3 Results

3.1 Measurement of 13C-Labeled Metabolites by LC-MS/MS

3.2 Effect of CO on Glucose Metabolism

4 Discussion

References

T-state Stabilization of Hemoglobin by Nitric Oxide to Form alpha-Nitrosyl Heme Causes Constitutive Release of ATP from Human Erythrocytes

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

3.1 Hb Allostery Serves as a Trigger for ATP Release from Erythrocytes

3.2 T-state Stabilization of Hb by NO did not Increase Intracellular ATP in Erythrocytes

4 Discussion

References

Age-Related Changes in the Trachea in Healthy Adults

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Polycythemia and Changes in Erythropoietin Concentration in Rats Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Production of Intermittent Hypoxia

2.2 Experimental Protocol and Statistics

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

A Case of HAPE on K2 and Literature Review

1 Introduction

2 Case

3 Discussion

4 Conclusion

References

Synchronization Between Cardiac and Respiratory Rhythms in Healthy Subjects and Patients

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Part 2: In Vivo Measurement of O2

Time-Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging of the Adult Human Brain

1 Introduction

2 Time-Domain Optical Brain Imager

3 Data Analysis

4 Application to Functional Stimulation of the Brain

5 Conclusions

References

Clinical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Oximetry Using India Ink

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

4 Conclusions

References

Measurement of Oxygen in the Microcirculation Using Phosphorescence Quenching Microscopy

1 Introduction

2 Phosphorescence Quenching Microscopy

3 Applications of PQM

References

Optimization of the Coherence Measurement Computed by Means of the Welch Averaged Periodogram Method for Assessment of Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation

1 Introduction

2 Datasets

3 Methods

4 Results

5 Discussion

References

A Hybrid Multi-Distance Phase and Broadband Spatially Resolved Spectrometer and Algorithm for Resolving Absolute Concentrations of Chromophores in the Near-Infrared Light Spectrum

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 The Instrument

2.2 The Algorithm

3 Results

3.1 Solid Homogeneous Phantoms

3.2 Dynamic Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Phantoms

3.3 In-Vivo Muscle

4 Discussion

References

Comparison of Local Adipose Tissue Content and SRS-Derived NIRS Muscle Oxygenation Measurements in 90 Individuals

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measured Using ‘‘Cyclic NIR Signals’’ During Exercise

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Experiments

2.2 Data Analysis

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Determination of Oxygen Dosage Effects on Cytochrome Oxidase after Anoxia in Brain

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results and Discussion

References

A Mathematical Model for Analyses of Muscle Oxygenation Measurements Using NIR Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion and Conclusions

References

Mapping of Optical Pathlength of Human Adult Head at Multi-Wavelengths in Near Infrared Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Method

2.1 TR-NIRS System

2.2 Data Analysis

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Changes of Evoked Cerebral Blood Oxygenation and Optical Pathlength in the Frontal Lobe During Language Tasks: A Study by Multi-Channel, Time-Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Functional MRI

1 Introduction

2 Method

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

The Partial Coherence Method for Assessment of Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation using Near-infrared Spectroscopy: Potential and Limitations

1 Introduction

2 Datasets

3 Methods

4 Results

5 Discussion

References

Active Muscle Oxygenation Dynamics Measured During High-Intensity Exercise by Using Two Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Methods

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Frontal Sinus on the Sensitivity of the NIRS Signal in the Adult Head

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Time-Resolved Experiments

2.2 Modelling of the Light Propagation in the Head Model

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusions

References

Functional Optical Topography Analysis Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) Methodology with and without Physiological Confounds

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Comparison of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Changes in the Sensorimotor Cortex During Activation in the Rat

1 Introduction

2 Method

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Individual Differences in Blood Volume and Oxygenation in the Brain during a Cognitive Task based on Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Measurements

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results and Discussion

References

Cerebral Oxygenation in the Frontal Lobe Cortex during Incremental Exercise Tests: The Regional Changes Influenced by Volitional Exhaustion

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Implantable Resonators - A Technique for Repeated Measurement of Oxygen at Multiple Deep Sites with In Vivo EPR

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Use of Visible Spectrophotometry to Assess Tissue Oxygenation in the Colostomy Stoma

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusions

References

Automatic Detection of Motion Artifacts in Infant Functional Optical Topography Studies

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Data Recording

2.2 Data Analysis

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusions

References

Modelling of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and NIRS Detection of Cytochrome Oxidase Redox State

1 Introduction: NIRS and Brain Monitoring

2 The Model

3 Comparison with Data from a Hypoxia Study

4 Estimating DeltaoxCCO Using the BRAINCIRC Model

5 Conclusions

References

Forced Oscillation Technique as a Non-Invasive Assessment for Lung Transplant Recipients

1 Introduction

2 Theoretical Background and Measurement Protocol

3 Case Report

4 Discussion

References

Part 3: Exercise and O2 Transport

Muscle Microcirculatory O2 Exchange in Health and Disease

1 Introduction

2 RBC Flux in the Majority of Capillaries in Resting Muscle

3 NIRS Evidence Supports Little De novo Capillary Recruitment from Rest-Exercise

4 RBC Flux in Most Resting Muscle Capillaries is Mathematically Feasible

5 Putative Explanations for Apparently Contrary Findings

6 Conclusions

References

Arteriolar Vasomotor Control and Contractile Performance During Fatiguing Tetanic Contractions in Rat Skeletal Muscle: Role of Sympathetic System

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

The Influence of Passive Stretch on Muscle Oxygen Saturation

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

NIRS Measurement of O2 Dynamics in Contracting Blood and Buffer Perfused Hindlimb Muscle

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Experimental Animals and Protocol

2.2 Statistical Analysis

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Muscle Reoxygenation Difference Between Superficial and Deep Regions of the Muscles During Static Knee Extension

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Arterial Oxygen Desaturation Response to Repeated Bouts of Sprint Exercise in Healthy Young Women

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Subjects

2.2 Exercise

2.3 Measurements

2.4 EIAH

2.5 Statistics

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

The Effect of Endurance Training on Resting Oxygen Stores in Muscle Evaluated by Near Infrared Continuous Wave Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Cerebrovascular Response During Heavy Upper Body Exercise: Effect of Mode of Ventilation on Blood Flow Velocity in the Middle Cerebral Artery

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Unchanged Muscle Deoxygenation Heterogeneity During Bicycle Exercise After 6 Weeks of Endurance Training

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Subjects

2.2 Experimental Design

2.3 Multichannel NIRSRS System

2.4 Statistics

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Comparison of Muscle O2 Dynamics at Different Sites of the Forearm Flexor Muscles During Incremental Handgrip Exercise

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Subjects

2.2 Experimental Protocol

2.3 Multichannel NIRcws

2.4 Statistics

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Blood Flow and Arterial Vessel Diameter Change During Graded Handgrip Exercise in Dominant and Non-dominant Forearms of Tennis Players

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Changes in Perfusion Related to Muscle Length Affect the Pressor Response to Isometric Muscle Contraction

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Decreased Muscle Oxygenation and Increased Arterial Blood Flow in the Non-Exercising Limb During Leg Exercise

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Subjects

2.2 Exercise

2.3 Measurements

2.4 Data Analysis and Statistics

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Effects of Acute Hypoxia on the Inflection Point of Muscle Oxygenation

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Subjects

2.2 Experiment Design

2.3 Measurements

2.4 Statistical Analyses

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Part 4: O2 Microenvironment in Cancer

No Sustained Improvement in Tumor Oxygenation After Localized Mild Hyperthermia

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Conclusions

References

HIF-Mediated Hypoxic Response is Missing in Severely Hypoxic Uterine Leiomyomas

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Conclusions

References

FRET-Like Fluorophore-Nanoparticle Complex for Highly Specific Cancer Localization

1 Introduction

2 Materials, Instruments and Methods

3 Results and Discussion

3.1 Free Cypate Fluorescence by Free NGP Colloids

3.2 Fluorescence Change by NGP-Short Spacer

3.3 Fluorescence Change by NGP-Longer Spacer

4 Conclusions

References

Design of Novel Hypoxia-Targeting IDO Hybrid Inhibitors Conjugated with an Unsubstituted L-TRP as an IDO Affinity Moiety

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Syntheses of L-Trp-TPZ Hybrids

2.2 IDO Inhibitory Activity

3 Results

3.1 Synthesis

3.2 IDO Inhibitory Activity

4 Discussion

References

Phosphorescence-Assisted Microvascular O2 Measurements Reveal Alterations of Oxygen Demand in Human Metastatic Colon Cancer in the Liver of Superimmunodeficient NOG Mice

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 The Model for Hepatic Metastasis of Human Colon Cancer

2.2 Measurement of Blood Flow and Microvascular PO2

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Part 5: Clinical Aspects of O2 Transport

Hemoglobin-Vesicle, a Cellular Artificial Oxygen Carrier that Fulfils the Physiological Roles of the Red Blood Cell Structure

1 Introduction

2 Structural Stability and Suspension Properties

3 The Rate of O2-Unloading, and NO- and CO-Bindings

4 Resuscitation from Hemorrhagic Shock with HbV

References

Safer Surgery Using Zymogen Protein C Concentrate

1 Introduction

2 The Surgery

3 Production Research

4 Conclusions

References

Cerebral and Peripheral Tissue Oxygenation in Children Supported on ECMO for Cardio-Respiratory Failure

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results and Discussion

4 Conclusions

References

Effects of Acupuncture on Autonomic Nervous Function and Prefrontal Cortex Activity

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

The Effect of Glycaemia on the Cerebral Oxygenation in Very Low Birthweight Infants as Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Datasets

2.1 Patient Population

2.2 Clinical Data

3 Methods

3.1 Monitoring Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation and Extraction

3.2 Study Design and Statistics

4 Experimental Results and Discussion

4.1 Clinical Characteristics

4.2 The Effect of Glycaemia on TOI, FTOE and HbD

5 Discussion

6 Conclusion

References

A Novel Approach to Evaluate the Vessel Function Determined by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Protocol (OT: Occlusion Test)

2.2 Statistics

3 Results

4 Discussion

References

Effects of Aging on Activity of the Prefrontal Cortex and Autonomic Nervous System during Mental Stress Task

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Result

4 Discussion

References

Activity in the Premotor Area Related to Bite Force Control - A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Primary Motor and Somatosensory Cortex Response to Biting and Finger Clenching

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Changes in Cerebral Blood Oxygenation and Hemodynamics After Endovascular Treatment of Vascular Malformation Measured by Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Method

2.1 Case Presentation

2.2 TRS

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Development of a New Rehabilitation System Based on a Brain-Computer Interface Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Subjects

2.2 Experimental Procedure

2.3 NIRS-BCI Signal Analysis

2.4 Electrical Muscle Stimulation

3 Results and Discussion

References

Bedside Assessment of Cerebral Vasospasms After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Near Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Development of an Artificial Vital Sign Generator for Pulse Oximeter

1 Introduction

2 Artificial Vital Sign Generator

2.1 Biological Model

2.2 Control Unit

3 Emitted Light Signals of Artificial Vital Sign Generator

3.1 Pulse Oximetry

3.2 Calculation of Emitted Light Signals

4 Experimental Results

5 Discussion and Conclusions

References

EC-IC Bypass Function in Moyamoya Disease and Non-Moyamoya Ischemic Stroke Evaluated by Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Effects of Revascularisation on Evoked Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Responses in Stroke Patients

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Effects of Oral Single-Dose Administration of Sarpogrelate Hydrochloride on Saturation O2 of Calf Muscle During Plantar Flexion Exercise

1 Introduction

2 Methods

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Oxidative Capacity of the Skeletal Muscle and Lactic Acid Kinetics During Exercise in Healthy Subjects and Patients with COPD

1 Introduction

2 Methods

2.1 Study Design and Subjects

2.2 Exercise Test, LA Measurement, and NIRS Monitoring

3 Results

4 Discussion

5 Conclusion

References

Index

Index