The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge - Embodied Empiricism in Early Modern Science

The Body as Object and Instrument of Knowledge

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Contributors

Embodied Empiricism

Introduction

References

Victories for Empiricism, Failures for Theory: Medicine and Science in the Seventeenth Century

References

Practical Experience in Anatomy

1 Introduction

2 Natural Philosophical Anatomy, Practical Anatomy

3 Learned Surgery Returns from Exile?

4 ‘Class-Consciousness’ and the Venues of Anatomical Inquiry

5 Conclusion

References

Early Modern Empiricism and the Discourse of the Senses

1 Introduction

2 Five Texts

2.1 On Experience: Eden’s A Treatise of the New India (1553)

2.2 On Observation: William Cuningham’s The Cosmographical Glasse (1559)

2.3 On the Senses: George Chapman’s Ovids Banquet of Sence (1595)

2.4 On the Senses: Middleton’s The Triumphs of Truth (1613)

2.5 On Language, Reason and the Senses: Thomas Tomkis’ Lingua (1607)

3 The Discourse of the Senses and William Harvey’s Idea of Empiricism

References

Alkahest and Fire: Debating Matter, Chymistry, and Natural History at the Early Parisian Academy of Sciences

1 Introduction

2 Duclos’ Chymical Natural History of Plants

3 Dodart Enters the Arena: Natural History by Fire

4 “We Must Stay Within These Limits”: Empiricism

References

John Locke and Helmontian Medicine

1 Introduction

2 Medicine in England in the 1660s

3 Methodology

4 Chymistry

4.1 Locke and Mercurialist Chymistry

4.2 Locke and Helmontian Chymistry

5 Nosology and Therapeutics

6 Physiology

7 Conclusion

References

Part II

The Body as Instrument

Empiricism Without the Senses: How the Instrument Replaced the Eye

1 Introduction

2 Galileo: An Instrument for an Eye

3 Looking at the Sun

4 Kepler: the Eye as an Instrument

5 Epistemological Considerations

6 The Eye of the Mind

7 Conclusion: The Price

References

Mastering the Appetites of Matter. Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum

1 Introduction

2 A Physics of Material Appetites

3 Experimental Practice and Discipline of the Appetites

4 Conclusion

References

‘A Corporall Philosophy’: Language and ‘Body-Making’ in the Work of John Bulwer (1606-1656)

1 Introduction

2 ‘The Hand’ as Extended Mind

3 Foolish Bravery

4 Bulwer’s Stoic Anthropopoeia

5 Conclusion

References

Memory and Empirical Information: Samuel Hartlib, John Beale and Robert Boyle

1 Introduction

2 Samuel Hartlib and His Circle

3 Improving Memory, Enlarging Experience: Boyle’s Early Writings

4 Advice to Boyle

5 Conclusion

References

Lamarck on Feelings: From Worms to Humans

1 Introduction

2 Sentimens

3 “Sentiment Intérieur”

References

Part III

Embodied Minds

Carelessness and Inattention: Mind-Wandering and the Physiology of Fantasy from Locke to Hume

1 The Restless Mind

2 Carelessness and In-Attention

3 Pinnioning the Imagination

4 Conveying the Mischief: Body Fluids and Openness to Influence

5 Surpriz’d by Habit: Control and Error in Moral Physiology

6 Remedies for Reveries

References

Instrumental or Immersed Experience: Pleasure, Pain and Object Perception in Locke

1 Introduction

2 Locke’s Account of Sensation as Fitted to our Surroundings

3 Pleasure and Pain in Locke’s Account of Our Simple Ideas of Sensation

4 Pleasure and Pain and Our Ideas of Particular Substances

5 Resolving the Tensions in Locke: a Brief Overview of Empiricist Responses

5.1 Berkeley

5.2 Condillac

6 Locke’s Mixed Mind: Possible Explanations

References

Empiricism and Its Roots in the Ancient Medical Tradition

1 Introduction

2 The Kantian Turn

3 Empiricism à la Galen

4 Empiricism cum Scepticism

5 Perception of Empiricism and Scepticism

6 Kant’s Concept of Empiricism Revised

References

Embodied Stimuli: Bonnet’s Statue of a Sensitive Agent

1 Introduction

2 Bonnet’s Œconomy of Fibres of Organized Bodies

3 Organized Fibre Bodies and the Soul-Body-Interface

4 Concluding Remarks

References

Empiricist Heresies in Early Modern Medical Thought

References