How Unified Is the European Union? - European Integration Between Visions and Popular Legitimacy

Preface

Reference to Swedish Networks

Contents

Contributors

Introduction

An Unfinished Polity

2.1 From Federal Vision to Complex Multi-level System

2.2 The EU’s “Democratic” and “Social” Deficits

2.3 Integration through Court Decisions

2.4 Three Ideas on the Future of the EU

2.5 The Need for Political Solutions

Sources and Literature

Towards a Common Foreign and Security Policy

3.1 The Development of the Common Foreign Policy

3.2 The Newest Instrument: Peace Support Operations

3.3 Who Formulates the Visions?

3.4 Who Wants to Pay the Bill (and Send the Troops)?

3.5 The “Battle of Rue De La Loi” and Related Issues

3.6 The Future in the Light of History

Sources and Literature

The significance of the Prohibition of Discrimination on the Grounds of Nationality

4.1 Prohibition of Discrimination on the Grounds of Nationality

4.2 Possibility for Individuals to Invoke the Prohibition of Discrimination

4.3 The Legal Situation in Sweden Around 1990

4.4 The Situation Today

4.5 The Great Significance of the Prohibition on Discrimination

Sources and Literature

How Free Is the Free Movement of Services?

5.1 The Concept of Services and Free Movement: From Prohibition of Discrimination to Mutual Recognition

5.2 The Court’s Dynamic Interpretation of Article 49 of the EC Treaty

5.3 Member States’ Right to Protective Measures Limiting Free Movement

5.4 Secondary Legislation: Harmonization and Liberalization

5.5 The Service Directive

5.6 Economic–Social Perspective

5.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks: A Common Market of Services?

Sources and Literature

The Service Sector in an Increasingly Efficient Europe

6.1 The Controversy of Valuing and Measuring Services

6.2 Technology and Service Production Efficiency

6.3 The Quest for Efficiency in Public Service Production

6.4 From an Agricultural, via an Industrial, to a Service Society

6.5 Has Baumol’s Cost Disease Been Cured?

6.6 The Battle for Consumers’ Time and Income

6.7 The Service Sector in the Global Economy

6.8 The EU Service Directive and the Importance of Market Regulations

6.9 The EU Needs to Shift into a Higher Gear

Sources and Literature

Transforming Monopolies: EU-Adjustment or Social Changes?

7.1 The Monopoly on Alcohol

7.2 Systembolaget Under Scrutiny

7.3 The Monopoly on Pharmacies

7.4 The Monopoly on Pharmacies Contrary to EU Law

7.5 The Monopoly on Gaming

7.6 Legal Scrutiny of Swedish Lottery Legislation

7.7 A More Proactive National Approach

Sources and Literature

Population Ageing: A Threat to European Welfare?

8.1 The Population Ageing in Europe Is Accelerating

8.2 Why Is the Population Ageing?

8.3 What Are the Consequences of Population Ageing?

8.4 Increased Immigration Is Not a Solution

8.5 Increased Fertility Can Solve the Problem: In the Long Run

8.6 Increase the Workforce

8.7 Concluding Remarks on the Ageing Population as a Threat to European Welfare

Sources and Literature

How Common Is Integration Policy in Europe?

9.1 The Labor Market Situation of Immigrants to Europe

9.2 Cultural Integration: What Affects Ethnic Identity?

9.3 Economic Integration: How Does Ethnic Identity Affect Labor Market Outcomes in Europe?

9.4 Integration Policy in Europe

9.5 Concluding Remark on Integration Policy in Europe

Sources and Literature

The Emergence of Political Parties at European Level: Integration Unaccomplished

10.1 Political Parties at European Level

10.2 Regulation and Funding of Political Parties at European Level

10.3 Political Parties at European Level: Institutionalised but Constrained

Sources and Literature

Index

About the Authors