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Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions - Proceedings of the 13th French-Japanese Oceanography Symposium
Global Change:Mankind-MarineEnvironment Interactions
3
List of Chairmen
10
Foreword
11
Preface
23
Contents
27
Introduction
35
Aquaculture
43
A Few Examples of the Many Approaches to Salmon Resource Creation in Japan
44
1 Introduction
44
2 Materials and Methods
45
2.1 Bio-resources Characteristics Considered from the Changes in Rhodopsin Ratio
45
2.1.1 Materials
45
2.1.2 Analysis of Composition of Visual Pigment
46
2.2 Swimming Energy of Salmon Fry
46
2.2.1 Consumption of Oxygen
46
2.2.2 Consumption of Caloric Body Energy
47
3 Results and Discussion
47
3.1 Bio-resources Characteristics Considered from the Changes in Rhodopsin Ratio
47
3.1.1 Swimming Energy of Salmon Fry
49
References
52
Trials on New Methods for Seed Culture in Japanese Abalones
53
1 Introduction
53
2 First Experiment
54
2.1 Materials and Methods
54
2.2 Results and Conclusion of the First Experiment
54
3 Second Experiment
55
3.1 Materials and Methods
55
3.2 Results and Conclusions
56
4 Conclusion
57
References
57
A Multidisciplinary Approach for Anticipating the Presence of Genetically Modified Fish in France
58
1 Technological Reality
59
2 Risk of Fortuitous Presence and Effects on the Market
59
3 GMF Regulation
60
4 GMF Traceability
60
5 GMF and Ethics
62
6 Conclusions
62
References
62
Shrimp Aquaculture: From Extensive to Intensive Rearing, the Relationship with the Environment and The Key to Sustainability
63
1 Introduction
63
2 Results and Discussions
64
References
67
Quality Control of Cultured Fish by Feed Supplements
69
1 Introduction
69
2 Materials and Methods
69
2.1 Fish and Rearing Conditions
69
2.2 Biological Measurements
69
2.3 Vitality
69
2.4 Biochemical Measurement
70
3 Results and Discussion
70
3.1 Micro- and Macro-algae (Nakagawa et al., 2009)
70
3.2 Chitin (Nakagawa et al., 2009)
71
3.3 Lauric Acid (Ji et al., 2005)
71
References
72
Experimental Culture of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis - Nordsted, 1844
73
1 Introduction
74
2 Results and Discussion
74
References
74
Problems Associated with the Recovery on Landings of Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) Intensively Released in Hiroshima Bay, Japan
75
1 The Stock Enhancement Programs in Japan
75
2 Stock Enhancement Programs for the Main Target Species
76
3 Black Sea Bream Abundance Constraints in Hiroshima Bay
76
3.1 Reduction of the Wholesale Price
76
3.2 Black Sea Bream as a Predator of Pacific Oyster and Short-Necked Clam
77
3.3 The Quality of Black Sea BreamMeat
77
3.4 Other Biological Constraints
78
4 Lessons and Recommendations
78
4.1 Before Implementing the Stock Enhancement Program
78
4.2 During the Development Process of the Stock Enhancement Program
79
References
80
Effect of Wavelength of Intermittent Light on the Growth and Fatty Acid Profile of the Haptophyte Isochrysis galbana
81
1 Introduction
81
2 Materials and Methods
81
3 Results
82
4 Conclusion
83
References
83
Artificial reefs
84
Profile of Payao (Floating Artificial Reef or Fish Attracting Device) Fisheries of the Philippines
85
1 Introduction
85
2 Fishery Sub-sectors
85
3 Payao Fisheries
86
4 Fisheries Production
86
5 Payao Distribution
87
6 Catch Composition
87
6.1 Size Distribution
88
6.2 Maturity Stages
88
7 Future Directions
88
References
88
Monitoring of the Artificial Reef Fish Assemblagesof the Marine Protected Areas Along the Alpes-MaritimesCoast (France, North-Western Mediterranean)
90
1 Introduction
90
2 Materials and Methods
91
3 Results and Discussions
91
4 Conclusion
94
References
94
Artificial Reefs in French Law
95
1 Introduction
95
2 Immersion License
96
3 Granting Use of Maritime Public Domain Outside of Ports
97
4 Authorization of Marine Culture Exploitation
98
5 Conclusion
99
References
100
Contribution to the Planning of the Research in Artificial Reefs Programs
101
1 Introduction
101
2 Themas of Research
102
2.1 Coastal Oceanography
102
2.2 Physics
102
2.3 Sedimentology
103
2.4 Marine Biology
103
2.5 Physiology
103
2.6 Nutrition
103
2.7 Ecosystems and Role as Seminatural Park
104
2.8 Economy of These Submarine Animal Habitats
104
2.9 Management
104
2.10 Relationships with the Fishermen
104
2.11 Roles in Touristic Diving Activities
105
2.12 Juridic Status
105
3 Conclusions
105
References
105
Artificial Reefs in the Cote Bleue Marine Park: Assessment After 25 Years of Experiments and Scientific Monitoring
107
1 Introduction
107
2 Presentation of the Côte Bleue Marine Park
108
3 Description and Objectives of Artificial Reef Deployment
108
4 Main Results of Scientific Monitoring
110
4.1 Protection Reefs
110
4.2 Production Reefs
111
5 Conclusions
112
References
113
Artificial Reefs in Marseille: From Complex Natural Habitats to Concepts of Efficient Artificial Reef Design
114
The Dubai Underwater Observory Projects and Turtle Rehabilitation Unit
116
1 Introduction
116
2 Achievements
117
2.1 First Attempts
117
2.2 Positioning
117
3 Technical Description
118
4 Positioning Procedures
118
5 Discussion
120
6 Conclusions
120
References
120
Immersion of Artificial Reef in Ohya Island: Lessons From New Experiences
121
2 Introduction
121
3 Experiments
121
3.1 General Framework
121
3.2 Steps of Experiments
122
3.3 Following Observations
122
4 Conclusions
127
References
127
Development of Small and Lightweight Artificial Reeffor Fukutokobushi (Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor)
128
1 Introduction
128
2 Materials and Methods
128
3 Results and Discussion
128
4 Conclusion
129
Reference
129
Assessment of the Effect of Artificial Reef on Fish Distribution: The Combined Use of Acoustic Data and GIS
130
1 Introduction
130
2 The Assessment of the Fishing Ground Development in the Horizontal Plane
130
3 The Assessment of the Fishing Ground Development in the Vertical Plane
132
4 Discussion
133
References
134
Evaluation of Artificial Reefs Impact on Artisanal Fisheries: Necessity of Complementary Approaches
135
1 Introduction
135
2 Materials and Methods
136
2.1 Study Site and Artificial Reef System
136
2.2 Data Sampling and Analysis
137
2.2.1 Underwater Visual Census (UVC)
137
2.2.2 Landings Per Unit of Effort (LPUE)
137
2.2.3 Tagging
137
3 Results
137
3.1 UVC
137
3.2 LPUE
138
3.3 Tagging
139
4 Discussion
139
5 Conclusion
141
References
141
Operation Prado Reefs: A Model for Management of the Marseille Coast
144
1 Introduction
144
2 General Principles
145
3 Anticipated Organization
145
4 Description of Reef Architecture
146
5 Plan for Implantation
147
6 Initial Results (Fig. 2)
147
7 Monitoring and Development Program
147
8 Regulations and Management
149
9 Conclusion
149
References
149
Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Around Fish Aggragate Devices (F.A.D.S) in the Philippines
150
1 Introduction
150
2 Materials and Methods
150
3 Results
151
4 Discussion
152
5 Conclusions
152
References
152
Summary of French Artificial Reefs Immersions Since 1968, Sites, Volumes, Types and Costs
154
1 French Fisheries Situation
154
2 Towards national land plan establishment and policy
155
References
156
The Artificial Habitat, an Evolutionary Strategic Tool for Integrated Coastal Area Management
157
1 Introduction
157
2 The Geo-system: An Entry for the Integrated Management of Coastal Zone?
158
3 The Japanese Management Experience with the Service of a Strategy Type ICAM
159
4 Artificial Habitat, an Ownership Tool for Coastal Zone Management: The Example of French Overseas Reunion Island
160
5 Conclusion
161
References
162
Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Fish Assemblage on a Large Artificial Reef Assessed Using Multiple-Point Stationary Observations
163
1 Introduction
163
2 FISCHOM
164
3 Test Surveys of a High-Rise Artificial Reef
165
4 Data Analysis
165
5 Results
166
5.1 Fish Fauna (Fish Species Compositions)
166
5.2 Time Series and Diurnal Cycle of Fish Appearance
167
5.3 Fish Body Size
167
6 Discussion
167
7 Conclusion
168
References
168
Artificial Reefs: Perceptions and Impact on the Marine Environment
169
1 Introduction
169
2 An Inescapable Management
169
3 A Lack of Data and Indicators
170
4 A Response to a Limited Habitat and to Marine Biocenosis Devaluation?
170
5 Artificial Reefs and Bioethics
171
6 Multifunction Reefs
171
7 Multi-purpose Reef
171
8 Towards New Perspectives
172
9 Conclusion
172
Biodiversity
173
Characterization of Three Populations of Phallocryptus Spinosa (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) from North-East of Algeria
174
1 Introduction
174
2 Materials and Methods
174
3 Results
175
4 Discussion
175
5 Conclusions
175
References
176
Biological Invasion: The Thau Lagoon, a Japanese Biological Island in the Mediterranean Sea
177
1 Introduction
177
2 The Thau Lagoon Story
178
3 The Thau Lagoon “Japanese Botanical Garden”
178
4 The Thau Lagoon: A Japanese Landscape?
178
5 Conclusion
180
References
182
Distribution of Giant Viruses in Marine Environments
183
1 Introduction
183
2 Discoveries from the GiantMimivirus
184
3 Existence of Mimivirus Relativesin the Sea
184
4 Phylogenetic Mapping forthe Classification of Metagenomic Sequences
185
5 Abundance of Mimivirus-Like PolB Sequences in the Sea
186
6 Geographic Distribution
187
7 Concluding Remarks
187
References
188
Catch, Bycatch of Sharks, and Incidental Catch of Sea Turtlesin the Reunion-Based Longline Swordfish Fishery (Southwest Indian Ocean) Between 1997 and 2000
189
References
191
Biodiversity Requires Adaptations Under a ChangingClimate in Northwest Europe: Planning and Coastal Wildlife, the Example of Normandy in France
192
1 Introduction
193
2 Coastal Issues: The Exampleof Normandy
193
3 The Example of the Baie des Veys
194
4 Stakeholders and Climate Change
196
5 Conclusion
198
Taking Biodiversity into Account in Territorial Planning Documents: A Methodological Approach Applied to the Marine Field
199
1 Introduction
199
2 Material and Methods
200
3 Biodiversity in Planning Documents
200
4 Toward a Methodological Proposal
201
4.1 To Establish a better definitionof the term Biodiversity fromthe beginning of the process
202
4.2 Improve the integrationof various aspects of marine biodiversity
202
4.3 Establish a Knowledge Transferin a Participative Way
203
5 Conclusion
203
References
203
Coastal managements
205
Temporal Changes of Benthic Macrofauna of the Mellah Lagoon (Northeast Algeria): Effects of Development Works
206
1 Introduction
206
2 Methodology
206
3 Results and Discussion
206
4 Conclusion
207
References
207
Regional and Governmental Action Plan for Integrationof Port Development and Environmental Restoration
208
1 Introduction
208
2 Case 1: An Adaptive Approach to the Implementation of the Tokyo Bay Restoration Plan
209
2.1 Environmental Situationof Tokyo Bay
209
2.2 Tokyo Bay Restoration Plan
209
3 Case 2: An Ecosystem Approach in the Miakawa Port Development Plan
210
3.1 Mikawa Port Development Plan
210
3.2 Implementation of Ecosystem Approach
211
4 Conclusion
212
References
213
Towards Integrated Coastal and Ocean Policies in France: a Parallel with Japan
214
1 Introduction
215
2 Recent Elements of Reflections and Decisions
215
2.1 In Europe
215
2.2 In France
216
2.2.1 The European Framework
216
2.2.2 Marine Strategy Directive
216
2.2.3 France and Japan National Contexts: Fertile Grounds for Further Collaboration
218
References
219
Pôle de compétitivité Pôle Mer PACA: Maritime Cluster in Provence–French Riviera Region
220
4 Marine Energy Resources
225
5 Biology, Marine Biotechnology
225
Accumulation of Bromoform, a Chlorination Byproduct,by Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
226
1 Introduction
226
2 Methods
226
3 Results and Discussion
228
References
230
Results of the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (I.C.Z.M) in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur (P.A.C.A) and Outlook for the Mediterranean Context
231
1 Logical Commitment from the National to Local Level and Vice Versa
231
2 P.A.C.A’s “Family” of I.C.Z.M Projects
232
3 Geographic Scale
232
4 Implementation
233
5 Methodological Knowledge
233
6 Outlook for I.C.Z.M Deployment
234
6.1 Toward Strategic Planning
234
6.2 Toward an Appropriate Framework of Action
234
Reference
235
Outline of Ongoing Research Activities of the Marine Ecology Research Institute, Mainly Regarding Thermal Issues in Japan
236
1 What is MERI
236
2 Marine Thermal Issues in Which MERI Has Been Involved
237
3 Macrophyte bed survey throughout Japan
237
3.1 Intensive surveys aroundpower plants
237
3.2 Macrophyte Data Compiling
238
4 Surveys on Macrophyte Bed Damage by_Rabbit Fish, Siganus fuscescens, Feeding
238
5 Demonstration Surveyof Ecological Impact AssessmentUsing a Virtual Power Plant
238
6 Management of the Coastal Ecosystem Around the Power Plant
239
7 Offshore Environment Radioactivity
239
8 Projects Relating to CO2 Ocean Sequestration
239
9 Other Main Ongoing Projectsof MERI
240
9.1 Mussel Fouling and Jellyfish Invasion
240
9.2 Bioassey Technology Development
241
10 Conclusion
241
References
241
Mass Mortality of a Coral Community in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, Caused by the Discharge of Terrigenous Fine Particles
243
1 Introduction
243
2 Study Area and Methods
244
3 Results
245
3.1 Mass Mortality in the Coral Community
245
3.2 Causes of Mass Mortality
246
3.3 Sedimentation Rate and Grain Size Composition
246
3.4 Content of Calcium Carbonate, Total Nitrogen, and Carbon in the Sediments
247
4 Discussion
248
References
249
Observation of marine environment
251
Alister – Rapid Environment Assessment AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)
252
1 Introduction
252
2 Interest in AUVs
253
3 ALISTAR 3000 System
253
3.1 Description of the Alistar 3000 System
253
3.2 Missions
254
3.3 Inspection Capabilities
254
4 ALISTER AUV
254
4.1 Description of the ALISTER System
254
4.2 ALISTER Suite of Sensors
256
4.3 ALISTER Mission Management System
256
5 Conclusion: Toward the Future
257
Bathyscaphs, a Mediterranean Adventure in Marine Dialogues Between France and Japan
258
1 Introduction
258
2 Some Remarkable Points of History
259
3 Campaigns in Japan
260
4 The Role of Bathyscaphs Within the France–Japan Relationship in Oceanography
261
5 Role of the Mediterranean
261
6 Conclusions
262
References
263
Applied High-Temperature Superconductor Bulks and Wires to Rotating Machines for Marine Propulsion
264
1 Introduction
264
2 Design Concept of the Motor with Gd-123 Bulk HTS Pole-Field Magnets
265
3 Specifications of the Motor with Bi-2223 HTS Wire Winding Coils
266
4 Cooling and Magnetizing Properties of the Bulk-HTS Motor
266
5 Cooling and Magnetizing Properties of the Wire-HTS Motor
268
6 Conclusion
268
References
269
Oceanographic Real-Time Measurement on Buoyancy Beacon Feedback in the Rhône Delta and Gulf of Fos Fruce France
270
1 Introduction
270
2 Instrumentation Description
270
3 Operational Use and Research
271
4 Conclusions
271
Analysis of Phosphatase Activity from Aquatic HeterotrophicBacteria at the Single Cell Level by Flow Cytometry: Example ofa Development Achieved in the Regional Flow CytometryPlatform for Microbiology (Precym) Hosted by the OceanologyCenter of Marseille
273
1 Introduction
273
2 Flow Cytometry Principle
274
3 Why Is Flow Cytometry So Popular Among Microbiologists?
274
4 The Regional Flow Cytometry Platform for Microbiology (PRECYM)
275
4.1 Example of development achieved in PRECYM: Detection of phosphatase activity of heterotrophic prokaryotes characterized
275
5 Conclusion
276
References
276
Shadows by IXSEA: An Example of a Sonar Using the Latest Technologies in Acoustics, Positioning, Informatics, and Web Techniques
277
Relation Between Body Tilt Angle and Tail BeatAcceleration of a Small Fish, Parapristipoma trilineatum(Threeline Grunt), During Mobile and Immobile PeriodsMeasured with a Micro Data Logger
279
1 Introduction
279
2 Material and Methods
280
3 Results and Discussion
281
References
282
Marine Observation Using a Hybrid Glider
283
1 Hybrid Propulsion
283
2 Underwater Positioning
284
3 Conclusion
284
References
285
A New Method to Measure Prokaryote Respiration at the Single Cell Level by Flow Cytometry
286
1 Introduction
286
2 Assay on the Marine Bacteria Pseudomonas Nautica sp. 617
287
3 P. Nautica Staining with DiOC6(3)
287
4 Stimulation of P. Nautica Respiration
287
5 Conclusion
288
References
288
Rapid Enzymatic Method for the Enumeration of Fecal Enterococci in Seawater
289
1 Introduction
289
2 Materials and Methods
289
3 Results
290
4 Conclusion and Perspectives
290
References
291
Oxygen Distribution Heterogeneity Related to Bioturbation Quantified by Planar Optode Imaging
292
1 Introduction
292
2 Oxygen Planar Optode
293
2.1 Example of Application of the Oxygen Planar Optode
294
References
296
Using a New Fluorescent Probe of Silicification to Measure Species-Specific Activities of Diatoms Under Varying Environmental Conditions
298
1 Introduction
298
2 Methods for Labeling Si Deposition at the Cell Level
299
3 A Case Study: Preliminary Results on the Biogenic Silica Deposition Activity in a Diatom Community of the Polar Front Zone
301
4 Conclusion
302
References
302
Utilization of a submersible ultra-violet fluorometer for monitoring anthropogenic inputs in the Mediterranean Coasts
303
1 Introduction
303
2 Material and Methods
304
3 Results and Discussion
304
4 Conclusions
304
References
305
Temporal and Spatial High-Frequency Monitoring of Phytoplankton by Automated Flow Cytometry and Pulse-Shape Analysis
306
1 Introduction
306
2 Materials and Methods
307
2.1 Sampling Strategy
307
2.2 Flow Cytometry
307
2.3 Cytometric Softwares
308
3 Results
308
3.1 Short-Term Variability
308
3.2 Spatial Heterogeneity
308
4 Discussion and Conclusion
309
References
310
Deep Sea Net: An Affordable and Expandable Solution for Deep Sea Sensor Networks
312
1 Network Concept
312
2 Fiberoptic Microcable
312
2.1 FOMC Justification
312
2.2 FOMC Technical Issues
312
3 IP node
313
3.1 Electronics
313
3.2 Batteries
313
3.3 Node Integration
314
3.4 Wet Mateable Connectors
314
3.5 IP Node Operation and Management
315
4 Deep Sea Net Operating Modes
315
4.1 Sleeping Mode
315
4.2 Standard Mode
315
4.3 Emergency Mode
315
4.4 Alarm Mode
315
5 Applications and Interfaces
316
5.1 Remote Powered Applications
316
5.2 Autonomous Applications
317
6 Deployment Skid
317
7 Deep Sea Net Demonstration
317
8 Conclusion
318
References
318
Physical, Chemical, Biological andBiogeochemical Functioning
319
Distribution and Long-term variation of Turbidity in Tokyo Bay
320
1 Introduction
320
2 Methods
320
3 Results
321
4 Discussion
323
5 Conclusions
323
References
324
Evaluation of Chemical Contamination in the Western Mediterranean Using Mussel Transplants
325
1 Introduction
325
2 Materials and Methods
326
2.1 Transplantation
326
2.2 Recovery
326
2.3 Analysis
327
3 Results
327
3.1 Biometric Parameters
327
3.2 Contaminants
327
3.3 Models
328
3.4 Adjusted Data
328
4 Discussion
329
References
330
First Biological Data on the Marine Snails Osilinus turbinatus (Gastropoda, Trochidae) of Eastern Coasts of Algeria
331
1 Introduction
331
2 Material and Methods
331
3 Results
332
4 Conclusions
333
References
334
Combining Monitoring Networks, HydrodynamicModelling and Satellite Data to a Better Understandingof the Trophic Functioning o
335
1 Introduction
335
2 In Situ Monitoring Network
336
3 Modelling
337
4 Satellite Data
338
5 Results
338
6 Conclusion
341
References
343
Impact of Hydrocarbons on Marine Microbial Communities
344
1 Introduction
344
2 Oil contamination impact on microbial community structure
345
2.1 In Situ Studies
345
2.2 Microcosm Studies with Adapted Sediments
346
2.3 Microcosm Studies with Non-adapted Sediments
346
3 Bacterial Responses to Oil Contamination Functional Diversity
346
3.1 Expression of New Genes in Response to Hydrocarbon Pollution
347
4 Conclusion
348
References
348
Chemical Defense of Marine Organisms Against Biofouling Explored with a Bacterial Adhesion Bioassay
349
1 Introduction
349
2 Materials and Methods
350
2.1 Sampling, Purification and Identification of Natural Products
350
2.2 Bacterial Adhesion Assay
350
2.3 Modelization and Statistical Analyses
351
2.4 Results and Discussion
351
2.5 Which Molecules Were Identified from Dictyota sp.?
351
2.6 What Are the Bioassay Characteristics?
351
2.7 What About the Activity of Natural Products?
352
2.8. What Can We Infer from These Activities?
352
References
353
Temporal Evolution of Metals in the Two Most Industrialized and Densely Populated Gulfs of Greece, via Metal Accumulation by My
354
1 Introduction
354
2 Materials and Methods
355
3 Results and Discussions
356
References
356
Clipperton, a Meromictic Lagoon
357
1 Introduction
357
2 Materials and Methods
357
3 Results
358
4 Discussion
359
References
361
Experimental Characterization of the Oceanic Water Exchanges in a Macro-tidal Lagoon
363
1 Introduction
363
2 Field Experiment
364
2.1 Study Site
364
2.2 Sensor Deployment
364
2.2.1 Moorings Deployment
364
2.2.2 Description of Transect
364
2.3 Data Description
365
2.4 Data Processing
366
2.5 Velocity
367
Sec10_63
367
2.6 Fluxes
367
3 Conclusion
368
Reference
368
Modification of the Berre Lagoon Pelagic Ecosystem Since the 1980s
369
1 Introduction
369
2 Materials and Methods
370
3 Results and Discussion
370
References
372
Length-Weight Relationships and Reproductionof Three Coastal Sparidae (Diplodus cervinus cervinus,Boops boops, and Spondylios
373
1 Introduction
373
2 Materials and Methods
373
3 Results
373
4 Conclusion
375
References
375
Investigating and Assessing of the Quality of Seawater in the Marseille Coastal Zone: An Approach Using Lipid Class Biomarker
376
Sec1_66
376
References
377
Size Distributions of Low Molecular Weight Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketocarboxylic Acids and a-Dicarbonyls in the Marine Aerosols
378
1 Introduction
378
2 Samples and Methods
379
3 Results and Discussion
379
Dynamics of Two Greenhouse Gases, Methane and Nitrous Oxide, Along the Rhone River Plume (Gulf of Lions, Northwestern Mediterr
381
1 Introduction
381
2 Materials and Methods
382
3 Results and Discussion
382
3.1 Nitrous Oxide
382
3.2 Methane
384
4 Conclusion
386
References
387
Aerobic Metabolism of Vitamin E by Marine Bacteria: Interaction with Free Radical Oxidation (Autoxidation) Processes
388
1 Introduction
388
References
390
The MERMeX Program for the Mediterranean Sea
391
1 Discussion
391
References
394
Hydrocarbon Degradation in Coastal Muddy Areasand Anoxic Ecosystems (DHYVA Project): Role ofBacterial Mechanisms and Bioturba
395
1 Introduction
395
2 Materials and Methods
396
3 Results and Discussion
396
4 Conclusions
397
References
397
Impact of Red Mud Deposits in the Canyon of Cassidaigne on the Macrobenthos of the Mediterranean Continental Slope
398
1 Introduction
398
2 Material and Methods
398
3 Results
399
4 Discussion and Conclusions
401
References
401
Coastal Seawater Pollutants in the Coral Reef Lagoon of a Small Tropical Island in Development: The Mayotte Example (N Mozambi
402
1 Introduction
402
2 Materials and Sampling Time
403
3 Trace Metals
403
4 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
405
5 Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) Hydrocarbons
405
6 Conclusions
405
References
408
List of Oral Presentations
409
List of Participants
415
Photographs
427
Author Index
434
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