Localizing the Moral Sense - Neuroscience and the Search for the Cerebral Seat of Morality, 1800-1930

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Science Fiction

On the Amphitheatres Marble

The Moral Brain Today

Outline of the Book

1 The New Shapes of the Old Conscience

Conscientia, Syneidesis, Synderesis

The Philosophical Assault on Conscience

Conscience as Moral Sense

Conscience as Moral Faculty

Moral Sense and Moral Faculty in France

Conscience as Instinct

The Influence of Darwin and Spencer

French Positivism and Naturalism

Conscience During the fin de sicle

The New Instinct Theory in England and America

The End of Physical Metaphors?

2 Conscientiousness or the Moral Organ in Phrenology

Dieu et cerveau, rien que Dieu et cerveau

Phrenological Societies

The Criminal Antihero

The Moral Organ

Flix Voisin

Phrenology as Occultism

The German Alternative

3 The Experimental Neurology of the Moral Centre

The New Localisation Doctrine from the 1860s Onwards

A Physiological Explanation of Will Power

The Flourishing of the Experimental Tradition in Germany

Eduard Hitzig

David Ferrier

Friedrich Goltz

Leonardo Bianchi

The Dissection of Morality

Brocas Thermometer

Lombrosos Letter

Mossos Longing to Penetrate the Inner Life of Nerve Cells

The Galvanic Dream of Fleischl von Marxov

4 The Clinical Neurology of the Moral Centre

Acquired Moral Insanity

Traumas

Tumours

Paul Schusters Magisterial Review

Welts Daring Localisation

Abuse of Healthy Progress

The Hypothesis of a Cortical Centre of the Moral Sense

William Brownings Localisation

Penetrating Traumas of the Frontal Lobes

Morally Insane Great War Veterans

German Exceptions

Karl Kleist and the Localisation of the Gemeinschafts-Ich

Grey, My Friend, Is All Theory, but Green Is the Golden Tree of Life

5 The Microscopy and Endocrinology of the Moral Centre

A Time-Consuming Chore

Theodor Meynerts Model

Criminal Brains in Slices

Campbells Lecture in the Shadow of Lantern Slides

Paul Flechsigs Rectorial Address

To the Somaesthetic Region and Back

An Ethical Aristocracy

The Revenants of Arthur Van Gehuchten

Hormones, Autocoids and Homeostasis

Constantin Von Monakows Syneidesis

Cains Endocrinological Mark

6 The Localisation of Morality in Criminal Anthropology

Apelike Thumbs

The Rise of Criminal Anthropology

The French and German Responses to Lombrosos Born Criminal

The Remorseless Criminal

The Location of the Absent Moral Sense

Neanderthal Versus Cro-Magnon

Moritz Benedikts Three Lectures See also Verplaetse (2004).

The More Man Possesses a Moral Organ, the More Apelike His Brain Becomes (Meynert)

Seelenkunde (1895) or Benedikts Second Localisation of Morality

Benedikt as Freethinker

The Criminals Brain Tissue

Luigi Roncoroni

Lamina Granularis Interna

Encounters in Alexandersbad

Lamina Pyramidalis

Moral Association Chains

7 Moral Insanity as a Disorder of the Moral Sense

Benjamin Rush: Anomia and Micronomia

Pinel and Esquirol: Mania and Monomania

James Cowles Prichard: Moral Insanity

Inhibitory Insanity in England

Towards an Ethical Interpretation

The Ethical Interpretation of Moral Insanity in Germany

The psychopathische Persnlichkeit and the pervers instinctif

A Psychological Misnomer (Cyril Burt)

The Influence of the Localisation Doctrine

There is Only Empty Space

No Radical Localisations of Moral Insanity

8 Encephalitis Lethargica: A Brain Disease of the Moral Sense?

The 19151927 Epidemic Encephalitis Pandemic

Personality Disorders

Postencephalitic Moral Insanity

The Cortical Localisation of the Montpellier School

Karl Bonhoeffers Konkordanz

Postencephalitic Moral Insanity Under the Microscope

Jean Camus Centres Rgulateurs

9 ConclusionLocalising the Moral Sense: Believers and Disbelievers

An Exceptional Phenomenon

The Frustration of the Neuropsychiatrist

The Frustration of the Forensic Psychiatrist

The Voice in the Blood

References

Name Index

Subject Index