Suchen und Finden
Preface
5
References
9
Contents
10
Contributors
12
Table of All Rating Scales Contained in This Handbook
15
1 Understanding Rating Scales and Assessment Instruments
18
Types of Rating Scales Presented in This Handbook
19
Basic Statistical Concepts
9
Reliability
20
Internal Consistency
21
Test--Retest Reliability
21
Inter-rater Reliability
21
Validity
21
Content Validity
22
Criterion Validity
22
Construct Validity
22
Diagnostic Accuracy
22
Sensitivity and Specificity
22
Sensitivity to Treatment-Induced Change
23
Summary
23
2 Rating Scales for Depression
24
Gold Standard Rating Scales
24
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D or HRSD)
25
Application of Scale
25
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
27
Reliability and Validity
27
Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology
28
Scoring Key
28
Reliability
29
Validity
29
Other Scales Available for Rating Depression
29
Montgomery--Asberg Depression Rating Scale
29
Reliability
30
Zung Self-Report Depression Scale
30
Scoring Key
31
Cut-Off Scores
31
Validity
31
Other Issues in Assessing Depression
31
Ability of Depression Rating Scales to Detect Clinical Changes with Treatment
31
Minimizing Biases in the Assessment of Depression Symptom Domains
32
Ability of Depression Rating Scales to Measure Symptoms Across Depressive Subtypes
32
Self- Versus Clinician-Administered Depression Rating Scales
32
Assessing Depression Across Age Groups
34
Assessing Depression Across Different Cultures
35
Assessing Depression Across Different Educational and Comprehension Levels
36
Assessing Depression with Psychiatric Comorbidities
36
Assessing Depression with Medical Comorbidities
36
References
37
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17)
42
Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale
45
QIDS-SR16
47
Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale
50
Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale Scoring Key
52
3 Rating Scales for Anxiety Disorders
53
General Measure of Anxiety
55
Gold Standard Scale: Beck Anxiety Inventory
55
Application of Scale
55
Scoring Key
55
Cut-Off Scores
55
Reliability and Validity
55
Source and Alternative Forms
56
Gold Standard Scale: The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A)
56
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia
56
Gold Standard Measure: Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS)
57
Application of Scale
57
Scoring Key
57
Cut-Off Scores
57
Reliability and Validity
57
Source and Alternative Forms
58
Other Empirically Driven Scales for PD and PDA
58
The Anxiety Sensitivity Index
58
Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Body Sensation Questionnaire (BSQ)
58
Social Anxiety Disorder
58
Gold Standard Measure: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS)
59
Application of Scale
59
Scoring Key
59
Cut-Off Scores
59
Reliability and Validity
60
Source and Alternative Forms
60
Other Empirically Based Scales for SAD
60
The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI)
60
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
61
Gold Standard Measure: The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A)
61
Application of Scale
61
Scoring Key
61
Cut-Off Scores
62
Reliability and Validity
62
Source and Alternative Forms
62
Other Empirically Driven Scales for GAD
62
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
62
Gold Standard Measure: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS)
63
Application of Scale
63
Scoring Key
63
Cut-Off Scores
64
Reliability and Validity
64
Source and Alternative Forms
64
Other Empirically Driven Scales for OCD
64
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
64
Gold Standard: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
65
Short PTSD Rating Interview (SPRINT)
65
Application of Scale
65
Scoring Key
66
Cut-Off Score
66
Reliability and Validity
66
Source and Alternative Forms
66
Other Empirically Driven Scales for PTSD
66
References
66
Panic Disorder Severity Scale
72
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale
76
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)
78
Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist
78
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)
83
YBOCS Detailed Scoring Instructions
86
Short PTSD Rating Scale
88
4 Rating Scales for Bipolar Disorder
89
Assessment of Depressive Symptoms in Bipolar Disorder
90
Gold Standard Scale: The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 31-Item Version (HDRS-31)
90
Other Scales Available
90
The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale
90
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology
91
Assessment of Manic or Mixed symptoms in Bipolar Disorder
91
Gold Standard Rating Scale: The Young Mania Rating Scale
91
Assessment of Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder
92
Integrated Symptom Assessment in Bipolar Disorder
92
References
93
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 31-Item Version (HDRS-31)
94
Young Mania Rating Scale
98
Internal State Scale (ISS)
100
Clinical Monitoring Form
101
Clinical Self-Report Form
102
5 Rating Scales for Alcohol and Nicotine Addictions
103
Alcohol-Related Problems
104
Screening for Alcohol Misuse
107
Gold Standard Rating Scale: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
107
Scoring
107
Other Measures
108
Assessing Frequency and Quantity of Alcohol Use
109
Assessing Severity of Dependence
109
Gold Standard Scale: The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ)
109
Scoring
110
Other Measures
110
Assessing Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms
110
Gold Standard Scale: The Revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar)
110
Scoring
111
Other Measures
111
Assessing Alcohol-Related Consequences
112
Gold Standard Scales: The Short Index of Problems (SIP)
112
Scoring
112
Other Measures
113
Assessing Relapse Risk
113
Gold Standard Scale: Assessment of Warning Signs of Relapse scale (AWARE [ 32 ])
113
Scoring
114
Nicotine-Related Problems
115
Assessing Nicotine Use
118
Smoking History Information
118
Assessing Smoking Status and Outcomes
118
Assessing of Nicotine Craving, Withdrawal, and Dependence
119
Nicotine Craving
119
Nicotine Withdrawal
119
Nicotine Dependence
120
References
121
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Interview Version
124
Assessment of the Frequency and Quantity of Alcohol Use in the Past 30 Days
126
Short Index of Problems
130
Tiffany QSU-Brief
137
Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale
138
6 Screening for Personality Disorders in Psychiatric Settings:Four Recently Developed Screening Measures
140
Why Screen for Personality Disorders?
141
Four Recently Developed Screening Instruments
142
Standardised Assessment of Personality -- Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS)
142
Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS)
144
Inventory of Interpersonal Problems -- Personality Disorders -- 25 (IIP-PD-25)
145
Five Factor Model Rating Form (FFMRF)
147
Diagnosing Personality Disorders
150
Conclusion
151
References
152
7 Clinical Ratings Scales and Assessment in Eating Disorders
160
Prevalence Estimates
161
Clinical Assessment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
162
Semi-Structured Interviews
163
The Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatric Diagnosis (SCID)
163
The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE)
164
Self-Report Assessments
165
Dietary Records
165
The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)
165
Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA), the Eating Disorders Quality of Life (EDQOL), and the Quality of Life for Eating Disorders (QOL ED)
167
Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS)
167
Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)
168
Eating Attitudes Test
168
The Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R)
169
The SCOFF
169
Assessment of Binge-Eating Disorder
170
Assessment of Body Image
173
The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ)
175
The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)
175
Assessment of Children and Adolescents
176
The Eating Disorder Examination -- Child (EDE-Ch)
177
The Children's Eating Attitudes Test (Ch-EAT)
177
The Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP-A)
177
Kid's Eating Disorders Survey (KEDS)
178
Eating Disorder Inventory -- Child (EDI-C)
178
Conclusion
178
References
179
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)
186
Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ)
187
Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS)
189
8 The Use of Rating Scales to Measure Outcomes in Child Psychiatry and Mental Health
190
Focus of This Review
192
Sixteen Dimensions of Rating Scales
195
Focus on Child vs. Adult Patients -- Two Different Worlds
196
Individual Patient vs. Other Focus
196
Clinical Assessment vs. Other Types of Scales
197
Broad- vs. Narrow-Band of Symptoms
197
Outpatient vs. Inpatient or Other Level of Care
197
Single Total Score vs. Multiple Subscales
198
Who Completes the Scale
198
Standalone or Part of a Larger System
198
Time Needed to Complete Ratings
199
Validated for Longitudinal Use
199
Hand vs. Computer Scored
200
Free vs. Pay for Use
200
Has a Website
200
Requires Specialized Degree and/or Training
201
Available in Spanish or Other Languages Other than English
201
Quality of Validation
201
Conclusions
203
References
203
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children
207
9 Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
210
Suggested Rating Scales for ADHD
211
Current Symptoms Scale (CSS) The CSS is protected by copyright and therefore is not reproduced here. It is available in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Clinical Workbook03rd Edition (Barkley and Murphy, 2006). The workbook also includes self-report scales assessing childhood symptoms retrospectively. Other-report forms for both current and past symptoms can be used to collect collateral information for assessment and treatment tracking. Normative data tables are also provided
211
Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRS)
213
Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales
217
Conclusions
218
References
219
10 Rating Scales in Schizophrenia
224
Assessment of General Symptoms in Schizophrenia
225
Gold Standard Scale: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
225
Application of Scale, Administration, and Scoring
225
Psychometric Issues (Reliability and Validity)
226
Interpreting Results, Cut-off Scores, and Clinically Significant Change
226
Scales to Assess Psychotic Symptoms in Schizophrenia
226
Gold Standard Scale: The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)
226
Application of Scale, Administration, and Scoring
226
Interpreting Results, Cut-off Scores, and Clinically Significant Change
227
Psychometric Issues (Reliability and Validity)
227
Scales to Assess Social Functioning and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia
228
Gold Standard Scale: The Quality of Life Scale (QLS)
228
Application of Scale, Administration, and Scoring
228
Interpreting Results, Cut-off Scores, and Clinically Significant Change
229
Psychometric Issues (Reliability and Validity)
229
Scales to Assess Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia
230
Gold Standard Scale: The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS)
230
Application of Scale, Administration, and Scoring
230
Psychometric Issues (Reliability and Validity)
230
Interpreting Results, Cut-off Scores, and Clinically Significant Change
231
Scales to Assess Antipsychotic Medication Attitudes and Compliance in Schizophrenia
231
Gold Standard Scale: Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI)
231
Application of Scale, Administration, and Scoring
231
Interpreting Results, Cut-off Scores, and Clinically Significant Change
232
Psychometric Issues (Reliability and Validity)
232
Scales to Assess Medication Side Effects in Schizophrenia
233
Gold Standard Scale: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)
233
Application of Scale, Administration, and Scoring
233
Psychometric Issues (Reliability and Validity)
233
Interpreting Results, Cut-Off Scores, and Clinically Significant Change
233
Other Useful Scales for Patients with Schizophrenia
234
References
234
Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)
237
Quality of Life Scale
240
Scoring of Quality of Life Scale
251
11 Brief Rating Scales for the Assessment of Cognitive*-2pt and Neuropsychological Status
254
Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE)
255
Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS)
256
Supplemental Tests
258
Clock Drawing Test (CDT)
259
Trail Making Test (TMT)
260
Clinical Application
261
Beyond Screening Instruments: Med-range Neuro-cognitive Assessment Tools
261
Summary
262
References
262
12 Rating Scales in Psychotherapy Practice
272
Therapy Process and Outcome: What Do We Know?
273
The Case for Rating Scales in Psychotherapy
274
Scale Selection Considerations
275
Purpose of the Scales
275
Logistical Considerations
276
Examples of Brief Scales for Therapy Practice
276
Schwartz Outcome Scale-10
277
Outcome Rating Scale
278
Session Rating Scale
278
How to Use Rating Scales: From Intake to Termination
279
Summary
279
References
280
Schwartz Outcome Scale 10 Item Version (SOS-10)
282
13 Assessing the Ongoing Psychological Impact of Terrorism
286
Introduction
286
Anticipation of Future Terrorism
287
Unique Reactions to Terrorism
288
Gold Standard Scales
288
Empirical and Theoretical Bases of the TCS
288
A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of the Impact of Terrorism
289
Development and Psychometric Testing of the TCS
291
Application and Method/Timing of TCS Administration
291
Scoring the TCS Scales and Summary Measure
292
Interpretation
294
Validity and Reliability
296
Other Scales Available for This Disorder
297
The Utility of the TCS
297
Conclusion
297
References
298
The Terrorism Catastrophizing Scale (TCS)
300
14 The Comprehensive Psychological Assessment
301
Forms of Psychological Assessment
302
Rating Scales and Screening Tools Versus Psychological Assessment
303
Rating Scales and Screening Tools
303
Psychological Assessment
303
Rating Scales and Screening Tools Versus Psychological Assessment: Pros and Cons
304
Purposes of Psychological Assessment
305
Description of Psychopathology, Neuropathology, and Differential Diagnosis
305
Description and Prediction of Everyday Behavior
306
Inform Medical or Psychological Treatment
306
Monitoring of Treatment
307
Assessment as a Therapeutic Process
307
What Makes Psychological Assessment Therapeutic?
307
Empirical Support
308
Making a Referral: How to Ask a Good Referral Question
308
The Importance of Specificity
309
Suggestions for How to Be Specific
310
Why Now?
310
How Am I Feeling About the Patient?
310
Be Clear About How the Psychological Report Will Be Used
310
Note Any Specific Hypotheses About a Patient
311
Enlist the Input of Others When Constructing a Referral Question
311
Finding an Assessment Psychologist
311
Summary
312
References
312
15 The Role of Outcomes Assessment in Clinical Quality*-2pt Improvement
316
Pressures to Improve Quality of Care
316
Outcomes Are Only One Aspect of Quality Improvement
317
Challenges of Implementation
319
Conclusion
320
References
320
Index
321
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