Suchen und Finden
Preface
6
Contents
8
Contributors
11
Introduction: East Asian Social Movements
13
Explaining East Asian Protest Movements
23
Social Movements and East Asian Culture
29
Conclusion
34
References
38
Part I: Introduction to Japanese Society, Culture, and Politics
42
References
45
The Duality of Social Systems and the Environmental Movement in Japan
47
Introduction
47
Management and Domination: The Dual Character of Social Systems
47
The Management System and Management Problems
49
The Domination System and the Problems of Inequality and Victimization
50
Interrelation of the Two Systems
52
Three Cases of Environmental Problem-Solving Processes
54
The Numazu Waste Separation Case
54
Implications of This Case
56
Conditions That Enable Change
57
Problem Solving in the Domination System: The Case of the Niigata ``Minamata'' Disease
57
The Original ``Minamata'' Disease
57
Niigata Area Minamata Disease
58
Implication of This Case
60
Concealment and Discrimination
61
Inequality of Power
61
Conditions Facilitating Change
62
Cooperative Problem Solving by Opposing Actors: The Case of the ``Garbage War'' in Tokyo
63
Process of Cooperative Problem Solving By Opposing Actors
65
Implication of This Type of Problem Solving
66
Comparison of the Three Problem-Solving Process
66
Setting the Three Cases Within the Longer Historical Transformation
67
Conclusions
70
References
70
A Comparative Study of Social Movements for a Post-nuclear Energy Era in Japan and the USA
72
Pro-nuclear and Skepticism: East Asia and Western Countries
73
Theoretical Scheme and Data of the Comparative Study
73
Movements Against Nuclear Energy in the USA
75
Nuclear Reactors and Movements Against Nuclear Energy in Japan
77
History and Stages of Anti-nuclear Movements in Japan
78
Anti-Nuclear Arms Movement: The Early Stage (up to 1973)
78
Blocking Construction of Nuclear Power Plants: The Pre-Chernobyl Stage (1973 through 1986)
79
Grassroots Activities in Metropolitan Areas: The Post-Chernobyl Stage (1986 through 1992)
80
Deadlock of Nuclear Policy, and Anti-plutonium Activities: The Anti-plutonium Stage (1992 to the present)
81
Backgrounds Factors: Japan and the USA
83
How About in These Three Factors in the USA?
85
Conclusion
86
References
87
Collective Recognition and Shared Identity: Factors Behind the Emergence and Mobilization Process in a Referendum Movement
1 89
Introduction
89
Pre-referendum: Why the Maki Nuclear Plant Had Not Been Built
90
The Emergence, Rise, and Success of the Maki Referendum Association
94
Collective Recognition and Seizure of Political Opportunity
95
Choice of Strategies
98
Affinity-Based Mobilization
99
Framing: A Mobilizing Process
101
Summary and Discussion
102
References
104
The Long-Term Effects of Political Socialization During Late-1960s Student Protest
106
Confrontational Politics of Late-1960s Japan
106
Research on Generational Political Socialization
107
Methodology
109
A Sociometrical Model of Generational Political Socialization
111
Operational Definition of Variables
112
1968-69 Generation (x1)
112
Contemporary Political Events (x2)
113
Social Movement Participation (x3)
113
Later Protest Engagement (x4)
113
Verification of Hypotheses
114
Bivariate Analysis
114
Path Analysis
115
Conclusion
116
References
118
Young Koreans Against Ethnic Discrimination in Japan: A Case Study of a Grassroots and Networking-Style Movement (Mintôren)
120
Introduction
120
Past and Present
123
Patterns of Discrimination
125
Life Histories of the Mintôren Movement Members
126
Case 1: Lee Kyung-Jae (Founder of the Mukuge Society)
126
Case 2: Son Soo-Gil (Active Member of Tokebi Children's Club)
129
Case 3: Kim Soo-Il (Core Member of Blue Hill Association)
131
General Schema
133
Identity Types of Young Ethnic Koreans and the Mintôren Movement Members
134
Pluralist Type
135
Nationalist Type
136
Individualist Type
137
Assimilationist Type
138
Conclusion
141
References
142
Part II: Introduction to Korean Society, Culture, and Politics
144
References
146
Democratization and Social Movements in South Korea: A Civil Society Perspective*
148
Democratic Consolidation in South Korea
148
Civil Society: A Conceptual Overview
149
Civil Society in South Korea After the Democratic Transition
151
Analyzing Changes in South Korean Civil Society
159
Conclusion: Civil Society and the Future of South Korean Democracy
161
References
162
Mesomobilization and the June Uprising: Strategic and Cultural Integration in Pro-democracy Movements in South Korea
164
Introduction and Theoretical Perspectives
164
An Overview of the Mesomobilization Actors in the Democracy Movements
166
Structural Integration
173
Cultural Integration
175
Emergence of a Common Political Symbol
175
Constitutional Revision and Cultural Integration
176
The Aftermath
181
Conclusion
184
References
184
Works in English
184
Works in Korean
186
Mapping South Korean Women's Movements During and After Democratization: Shifting Identities
188
Introduction
188
Historical Context of the Korean Women's Movements
189
The Women's Movements and Democratization (The Late 1980s-1990s)
192
The Birth of Minjung Women's Movements and KWAU (Korean Women's Association United)
192
The Emergence of the Civic Movement and Changes of KWAU
194
The New Feminist Groups and Challenges of Korean Women's Movements in 2000s
197
The Emergence of New Feminist Groups
197
Challenging Issues and Shifting Identities of Korean Women's Movements in 2000s
199
Is New Social Movement Theory (NSM Theory) a Useful Model of Analysis?
202
Debates in Western NSM Theories
202
Limits of NSM Theories from the Korean Feminist Perspective
203
Conclusion
205
Reference
206
English
207
Korean
208
The Korean Environmental Movement: Green Politics Through Social Movement
211
Research Questions
212
Historical Currents in the Korean Environmental Movement
214
The 1960s-1970s
214
The 1980s
214
The 1990s to the Present
215
Case Studies
217
The Onsan Disease Outbreak (1983-1986)
217
The Nakdonggang River Phenol Contamination Incident (1991)
219
The Anti-Donggang Dam Campaign (1991-2000)
220
The Anti-Saemangeum Reclamation Project Campaign (1998-2006)
222
Case Comparison
225
Discussion
228
The Korean Environmental Movement: The Reflection Hypothesis vs. Social Constructionism
228
The Political Opportunity Structure and Empowerment
229
Conclusion
233
References
234
Part III: Introduction to Taiwanese Society, Culture, and Politics
236
References
239
Social Movements in Taiwan: A Typological Analysis
241
Introduction
241
Public Opinion and Social Movements
244
The Public's Unfamiliarity, Awareness, and Support of Social Movements: 1991-1992
245
The Public's Knowledge of Social Movements
245
Changes in the Public Awareness of Social Movements
247
Changes in Public Support for Social Movements
248
Social Attributes and Public Attitudes
249
Constructing a Typology of Social Movement based on Public Awareness and Support
252
Conclusion: A Comparison of the Two Typologies and Their Implications
255
Epilogue
257
References
258
``Rosy Periwinkle'': The Politics of the Licensed Prostitutes Movement in Taiwan
259
Prelude to the Protests
261
Proposing an Embeddedness Approach
262
Some Protest Scenes in Late 1997
263
Movement Scenes in November 2006
265
Comparing Scenes from These Two Periods
269
Bring in Social and Political Contingencies: Prostitutes, Sex Work, and Politics in Taipei
270
``Legal'' versus ``Illegal'' Prostitutes: Dilemmas for Governance
270
Nationalistic-Partisan Conflict Between the City Government and the City Council, with Gong Cang Caught in the Cross-Fire
272
The Early Women's Movement and its Opposition to Prostitution
275
The CALL and the ``New Opposition'': Subverting Taiwanese Nationalism with Libertarian Feminism and Under-Class Grievances in Taiwan
278
The Encounter: When Feminist Labor Activists Met Desperate Prostitutes
281
Conclusions
282
References
284
Environmental Movement in Democratizing Taiwan (1980-2004): A Political Opportunity Structure Perspective
286
Environmentalism in Taiwan
286
Democratic Transition as Shifting Political Opportunity Structure
288
Periodization of Democratic Transition and Environmental Protests
289
Fermentation Under Soft Authoritarianism (1980-1986)
293
Policy Channel: Exclusion by Official Environmentalism
293
Political Ally: The Political Opposition as a Bystander
294
The Emergence of Environmental Movement
295
Radicalization in Liberalization (1987-1992)
297
Policy Channel: Exclusion by Preemptive Response
297
Policing of Protests: From Tolerant to Repressive
298
Political Ally: Alliance with the DPP
299
Radicalization
300
Institutionalization in Democratization (1993-1999)
302
Partially Open Policy Channel
302
Policing of Protests: Routinization and Localization
304
Political Ally: Estranged Alliance with the DPP
305
Institutionalization
307
Incorporation Under the DPP Government (2000-2004)
309
State Autonomy: Weakened State
309
Policy Channel: Gained Procedural Participation
310
Political Ally: The Collapse of Political Alliance with the DPP
311
Incorporation
312
Conclusion
313
References
315
Part IV: Introduction to Hong Kong History and Society
318
References
320
The Reign of Market: Institutional Setting, Business Cycle, and Strikes in Hong Kong
321
Introduction
321
Theoretical Perspectives on the Market and Industrial Conflicts
322
Hong Kong: A Case of Unfettered Market Society
325
Strikes in a Market-Dominated Society: 1968-1989
328
Business Cycle and Strikes
330
The Long-Term Decline in Strike Activities
335
Discussion
341
References
345
Social Movement as Cognitive Praxis: The Case of the Student Movement and the Labor Movement in Hong Kong
348
Introduction: Theoretical Perspectives
348
The Study
350
The Student Movement as Cognitive Praxis
352
The Awakening
352
The High Tide
353
The Eclipse
355
The Labor Movement as Cognitive Praxis
357
A Historical Profile
357
1946-1950: Union Growth and High Industrial Conflict
358
1951-1966: Union Stagnation and Industrial Peace
359
1967: The Colony in Conflict
360
1968-1990: Industrial Peace
361
Conclusion
362
References
364
The Development of Post-Modernist Social Movements in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
365
July 1, 2003 Protest Against National Security Bill (Article 23)
370
Goal
371
Participant
371
Organization
371
Strategy
372
Pattern of Mobilization: Planned or Spontaneous?
372
Pattern of Mobilization: Information Technology
372
Pattern of Mobilization: Mass Media
372
Social Movements after July 1, 2003
374
The Movement to Share the Fruits of Prosperity
374
The Movement to Preserve Cultural Heritage
374
The Movements Concerning Mainland and Global Affairs
375
Toward a Post-modernist Mode of Social Movements?
375
Conclusion
377
References
378
Part V: Introduction to Chinese Society, Culture, and Politics
379
References
382
State Legitimacy and Dynamics of the 1989 Pro-democracy Movement in Beijing
384
Game Theory and Factionalism Model on the 1989 Movement
385
State Legitimacy as the Basis of Student-Government Interactions
387
Methodology
390
Legitimacy and State Control
390
Top State Elites
391
Intellectual Elites and Radical Students
393
University Students
393
Beijing Residents
394
State Legitimacy, State Behavior, and Dynamics of the 1989 Movement
395
The State Hesitation and Movement Development
395
The April 26 People's Daily Editorial
396
The Government Concession
397
The Rise of the Hunger Strike
398
Intensification of Power Struggle Among Top State Elites
401
Martial Law and Military Crackdown
403
Summary
406
References
407
Institutionalized Official Hostility and Protest Leader Logic: A Long-Term Chinese Peasants Collective Protest at Dahe Dam in the 1980s
411
The Politics of Grassroots Protest in Post-Mao China
412
The Institutionalized Approach in Lodging Complaints
412
Local Officials' Institutionalized Response
414
Collective Protest at Dahe Dam
417
The Emergence of Collective Protest
418
Protest Repertoires
420
The Organization of the Protest Delegate Meeting
421
Protest Leaders
421
Two Types of Participations
422
``Accusing an Official Means Fighting a Tiger''
423
Centralization of Collective Protest
427
Semi-formalized Protest Delegate Meeting
428
Ending of Protest in Shanyang
430
Conclusion
431
References
432
The Routinization of Liminality: The Persistence of Activism Among China's Red Guard Generation
434
Routinization of Liminality and the Persistence of Activism
435
Economic Activism
437
Cultural Activism
439
Political Activism
441
Social Activism
443
Theoretical Discussion
445
Conclusion
448
References
449
Part VI: Introduction to Singapore Society, Culture, and Politics
453
References
455
Solidarity from Above: State Ideology, Religion, and the Absence of Social Movements in Contemporary Singapore
456
Introduction
456
Singapore Society and Political Culture
458
The Fate of a Social Movement
462
Power and Elitism
463
Managing Everyday Life in Singapore
466
The Meaning of the Singapore Case
469
References
471
Part VII: Conclusion
474
Conclusion: Learning About Social Movements from East Asia
475
Theory and Reality
475
The Evolution of Social Movement Theory in the West
476
The Challenge of Culture and Relations
479
Development of the Cultural Ontology View
481
Conclusion
484
References
485
Author Biographies
488
Subject Index
494
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